Criminal Victimology as an Interdisciplinary Preventive Theory

Abstract

Ideas are presented that correct some provisions of criminal victimology, especially those related to the category of "victimhood" and related legal relations, in particular of a "criminal-victim" nature. The article analyzes the subject of criminal victimology, which considers not the victim as a victim of victimization and its role in the causal explanation of the crime, but victimization, i.e. the property inherent in the victim, patterns of occurrence, development and ambiguous role (transitive quality) in criminal law relations, trends in victimization of subjects of criminal law relations, measures of victimological prevention and prevention, criminological security, as well as patterns, trends of "victimological" criminalization, or the significance of the victim's behavior in determining the crime. The author's definition of criminal victimology is given as a theory that studies the victimization of criminal law relations in order to clarify its causality, ambiguous influence on the criminalization of an act, as well as the possibility of prevention, including prevention, of victim behavior. Attention is drawn to the interdisciplinary nature of the concept, in which criminal-legal relations are considered in accordance with the subject of the study differentially, i.e. taking into account the "natural-historical" and "technical-legal" genesis of victimization, as well as the criminal-branch features of its legal assessment, in which the relationship with related scientific disciplines – expert studies, operational-investigative activities, legal (criminal, victimological) psychology is inevitable. The ideas of functional certainty of the concept are presented, the essence of which involves the development, improvement of scientific and practical tools for the study of the nature, patterns of victimization as a source of threat to anti-criminal security and systematization of knowledge that opens up the possibilities of victimological prevention.