Жертвы без права на защиту и свободу слова, а также виктимизация семей жертв без права на посмертное высказывание:
пример Сербии (In Eng.)
Аннотация
В Сербии после окончания Второй мировой войны, с 1944 по 1953 год, десятки тысяч граждан были казнены тайной полицией без права на защиту, а их семьи подвергались таким преследованиям, что им было запрещено защищать своих близких. Методы казни были разнообразны: от убийства жертв в их домах и дворах до перевозки членов семей в неизвестные места, где их затем казнили без суда — часто без уведомления семьи о месте убийства и захоронения. За этот период был казнен один процент (1%) населения Сербии. Кровавая история десятков тысяч жертв, лишенных права на судебный процесс, без права их семей защищать их или искать защиты для казненных, глубоко укоренилась в сознании граждан Сербии. Эта ситуация породила культуру страха и молчания, где эти темы часто не обсуждаются, а выжившие подвергаются дополнительной стигматизации. Учитывая, что эти жертвы были лишены права на защиту, важно признать и исследовать, как эта историческая несправедливость сформировала коллективное сознание и идентичность современного сербского общества. Кроме того, необходимо работать над реабилитацией и признанием этих жертв, а также оказывать поддержку их семьям, чтобы обеспечить возможность противостояния прошлому и построения более справедливого общества. В этом смысле данная тема требует не только академического анализа, но и социального диалога, который будет способствовать пониманию и примирению, а также укреплению прав человека и справедливости в современной Сербии.
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Данная работа подготовлена в результате участия автора в соответствии с Планом работы Института криминалистических и социологических исследований на 2026 год (на основании контракта № 451-03-33/2026-03/200039 с Министерством науки, технологического развития и инноваций Республики Сербия).
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